First Drive: 2008 Maserati GranTurismo

Previews

With the GranTurismo coupe, Maserati invites comparisons to the Mercedes-Benz CL550, BMW 6-series, and Jaguar XKR. But mention that the XKR costs some 26 grand less than the GranTurismo’s base price of $114,650, or that the Jaguar is almost 300 pounds lighter than the GranTurismo’s claimed 4150-pound curb weight, and the Maserati folks shrug it off with lots of hand gestures. The same thing happens if you mention that the similarly priced BMW M6 has 95 more horsepower and 44 more pound-feet of torque than the 405 horses and 339 pound-feet of torque that come from the GranTurismo’s 4.2-liter V-8. “Power is not our race,” they say.

On the other hand, the GranTurismo has something the BMW and the Jaguar don’t—two back seats with space for standard-sized humans. As does the Mercedes CL550, but the GranTurismo’s claimed 0-to-60-mph time of 5.1 seconds is 0.2 second quicker than what Mercedes estimates for the Benz.

The Maserati lacks the electronic gadgets available on the Benz, BMW, and Jaguar, but some people consider that a bonus. There are no massaging, adaptive, or cooled seats; no adaptive cruise control; no night vision; and no overly complicated infotainment system.

What the Maserati can brag about is a dizzying number of color combinations for every surface of the car. The rich leather that covers the seats, dashboard, steering wheel, and gearshift boot can be had in 10 different hues, plus the carpet, trunk carpet, headliner—even the stitching—can match or clash at your desire. There are 19 options for exterior paint, six colors for the brake calipers, and two wheel finishes.

Beauty, Inside and Out

he GranTurismo is based on a shortened version of the Quattroporte, and it shares all of its mechanicals with the sedan. In the coupe, the engine control has been tweaked for more horsepower, and the six-speed automatic transmission and the electronic throttle are programmed for faster shifts and quicker responses in standard and sport modes. Due to its larger size than the GranSport (still available in Europe), Maserati claims the GranTurismo is not a direct competitor to the Porsche 911 or Aston Martin V-8 Vantage.

So the GranTurismo is larger, more expensive, slower, and feature-challenged compared with any number of coupes that dwell in the $80,000-plus stratosphere, but that’s hardly the point with this Maserati. Thoughts of comparisons float out the window when one sees the way the Pininfarina-designed sheetmetal floats and bends around the car’s body with more visceral realism than a Rodin sculpture. The other cars don’t look like the GranTurismo, and the interior’s sumptuous hand-stitched surfaces make the others’ seem more commonplace. There’s even a tiny strip of leather on the edge of the steering-wheel shift paddles that constantly reminds the driver that this is a special car.

Driving the GranTurismo is equally enchanting. On tight roads, the bite from the front tires and the excellent steering feel disguise the car’s ample size. The transmission shifts so quickly and smoothly that the term “slushbox” does not apply. There’s never enough available torque to overwhelm the rear tires, and the handling is neutral at the limit.

The GranTurismo has to be one of the smoothest cars on the road, in more ways than one. It is not the fastest, smartest, or best value on the market, but the GranTurismo has panache in abundance. In this car, that’s far more important than cold figures.

Specs

VEHICLE TYPE: front-engine, rear-wheel-drive, 4-passenger, 2-door coupe

BASE PRICE: $114,650

ENGINE TYPE: DOHC 32-valve V-8, aluminum block and heads, port fuel injection
Displacement: 259 cu in, 4244cc
Power (SAE net): 405 bhp @ 7100 rpm
Torque (SAE net): 339 lb-ft @ 4750 rpm

TRANSMISSION: 6-speed automatic with manumatic shifting

DIMENSIONS:
Wheelbase: 115.8 in Length: 192.2 in Width: 72.7 in Height: 53.3 in
Curb weight: 4150 lb

PERFORMANCE (MFR’S EST):
Zero to 60 mph: 5.1 sec
Top speed (drag limited): 177 mph

PROJECTED FUEL ECONOMY (MFR’S EST):
EPA city driving: 11 mpg
EPA highway driving: 16 mpg

caranddriver

Now that's what I call an M1: BMW 135i Coupe.

There's been much talk of the BMW 135i Coupe being 'the new M1'. As Piers Ward explained in his first drive of the most powerful booted 1, that's not quite the case... but this Tokyo concept brings the possibility of a properly hardcore 1-Series a lot closer.

Labelled the 1-Series tii - in homage to BMW's 1960s racer of the same designation - it's a stripped-out, lightweight 1 Coupe which, says BMW, gives an insight into what an out-and-out motorsport-focused 1 might look like.

And it looks good. With yards of exposed carbon fibre across the bonnet, wing mirrors and front air intakes, and a Fiesta ST-like blue-on-white colour scheme, the tii brings a bunch more purposefulness to the 1's slightly saggy looks.

That's aided by remodelled side sills and a new front bumper arrangement, as well as a neat-looking pair of 18-inch five-spoke alloys. The inside, predictably, is swathed in Alcantara.

All good, but - what with this being a concept and all - there's no word from BMW on what would power the tii.

We reckon the three-litre twin-turbo from the 135i Coupe is a pretty good place to start - a couple of gentle tweaks and that could be pushing 350bhp.

Add in a limited slip diff and you've got a proper little M1. Now to convince 'em to build it...

Tokyo show: VW grows up

Japan may be the land of the miniature solution, but VW's up! Concept has grown for its visit to Tokyo.

This is the space up, minivan version of Volkswagen's baby city car we saw back in Frankfurt. Unveiled at the Tokyo show, it sits on a longer wheelbase than its three-door sister, and has grown in length by 23cm and height by 40cm.

However, the space up! (anyone else hating that name already?) is still 15cm shorter than the VW Fox - seriously dinky for a four-seater.

The clean lines (or contrived retroism, depending on your point of view) of the styling remain similar to the original up!, and the engine is still strung out at the rear. VW is still touting the flexibility of the concept, and reckons it could be powered by a petrol, diesel or electric motor.

Insiders reckon we could see two- and three-cylinder engines powering the production up!, depending on the market: expect China and India to get the most frugal, low-cost versions, while Europe could see higher-powered variants.

VW has promised yet another up! concept at the Detroit show early next year. We're not expecting a coupe-convertible, but in this crazy world of lower-case proper nouns and unexpected exclamation marks, anything could happen.

Full Test: 2008 Infiniti EX35. This Crossover Thinks It's a Sport Coupe

We're hammering the 2008 Infiniti EX35 on Mulholland Highway in the mountains of darkest Malibu where the movie people live and we've just passed the Rock Store where bikers profile on weekends. Ahead lies the snakiest mile of the whole road.

So we drive even faster. The hard-edged 297-horsepower 3.5-liter V6 spins a little quicker while the front suspension occasionally chatters a little in the hairpins, and a short time later we get to the top in the kind of a rush that makes a whole day of driving worthwhile.

Then we look over our shoulder and realize that there's a whole backseat behind us, plus the big cargo compartment and we realize again that we've just done the whole Mulholland drive in some kind of crossover-utility thingy.

It's a little unseemly. Who knows what the locals thought? Probably figured we were some kind of Malibu catering service running a party platter to some screenwriters. But of course the 2008 Infiniti EX35 really isn't any kind of crossover at all.

But once you're standing next to the Infiniti EX35, you realize it's not a crossover or even some kind of utility thingy. It's really just a tall wagon, more like a Volvo XC70 than a BMW X3. This explains everything about the EX35's combination of practical luxury and the kind of driving dynamics you'd expect for express delivery of a party platter in the mountains above Malibu.

What's the Difference? It's Fast
The 2008 Infiniti EX35 doesn't really fit our idea of a crossover. It goes down the highway like a luxury sedan, but the tiny tremble from the wide tires tells you there's a high-performance sedan lurking beneath. It steers crisply through the corners. In short, it's one of the most satisfying examples of a vehicle with "utility" in its job description that you'll find anywhere.

2008 Lotus Supercharged Elise SC

Lotus is a global high tech company and expanding fast. We are committed to driving forward with technology for both Lotus Cars and our Engineering Clients, spearheading research into ever-increasing fields, such as, hybrids, electric vehicles and renewable fuels.

Lotus Cars now retails its products in 32 countries and is growing quickly in new territories such as Malaysia, Korea and China in South East Asia and the Gulf States in the Middle East. Lotus Engineering continues to provide and develop high technology engineering consultancy for the worlds motor industry.

Lotus powers into the 2008 Model year with the most powerful series production version of the
Elise to date the Supercharged Elise SC and a 240 PS Performance Pack option for the
Supercharged Exige S that further reinforces its credentials as a race car for the road.
But extra performance is only a part of the 2008 Model Year story. There are several other
enhancements that make the Elise and Exige ranges more sophisticated and better value than
ever before. Driver and passenger airbags are now standard on all models.

An advanced new instrument pack (again common to all models) provides extra information
about vehicle systems, including servicing reminders, but thanks to secret until lit technology,
drivers wont be alerted to such details until it is necessary. A completely new alarm/immobiliser
system has allowed the introduction of a new Lotus designed key with integrated fob, the
famous Lotus roundel operating as one of its three functional buttons.

The biggest news from the 2008 Model Year Lotus line-up is the introduction of the
Supercharged Elise SC, a 220 PS version of the multi award-winning roadster, easily identified
by its new rear spoiler and unique new design of alloy road wheels.

Despite the on-paper similarity with the Exige S, this is no mere engine swap this is an allnew,
non-intercooled installation applied to the current Elises 1.8-litre 2-ZZ VVTL-i engine.
The Lotus-designed, Magnuson-produced supercharger uses a smaller Eaton rotor pack (an
M45 unit) than that of the current Exige S, and is married to the intake manifold plenum as part
of a single-piece casting. Combined with the absence of an intercooler and its associated
pipework, this integrated supercharger/intake assembly contributes to an 8kg reduction in
engine weight compared with the Exige S.

2008 Porsche 911 GT2

Presenting the new 911 GT2 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Stuttgart, is proudly launching the most powerful 911 so far homologated for road use.

Through its striking design with large air intakes at the front and the rear wing so characteristic of this very special model, the new 911 GT2 expresses the power and performance potential of the fastest-ever 911 right from the start even at a standstill. Available exclusively with rear-wheel drive and a manual six-speed gearbox, this high-performance athlete accelerates to 100 km/h in just 3.7 seconds and reaches a top speed of 329 km/h (204 mph) on average fuel consumption of just 12.5 litres/100 km (equal to 22.6 mpg imp) in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), thus offering a level of fuel economy regarded as quite impossible in this performance class just a few years ago.

The power unit of the new 911 GT2 is based on the six-cylinder boxer engine of the 911 Turbo, with air supply by two exhaust gas turbochargers featuring variable turbine geometry (VTG). The 3.6-litre boxer engine achieves its maximum output of 530 bhp (390 kW) at 6500 rpm, with maximum torque of 680 Newton-metres maintained consistently between 2,200 and 4,500 rpm. With its unladen weight of 1,440 kg or 3,175 lb, finally, the 911 GT2 offers a power-to-weight ratio of just 2.72 kg/6.00 lb per horsepower.

The increase in engine power by 50 bhp over the ”regular“ power unit is provided in the new 911 GT2 by two turbochargers with a larger compressor wheel and a flow-optimised turbine housing raising turbocharger pressure to an even higher level. And for the first time Porsche’s engineers have combined the turbocharged engine with an expansion-type intake manifold – a genuine revolution on turbocharged power units.

The new 911 GT2 will be at the dealership in November 2007. The base price of the car in Germany is Euro 159,100.-, the market price including 19 per cent value-added tax Euro 189,496

2008 Jaguar S-Type Review

What's New for 2008
Jaguar's midlevel sedan enters its final year with several tweaks, all of them cosmetic. V6 and V8 models upgrade to standard 18-inch wheels and adapt the front bumper design of the S-Type R. The R, in turn, upgrades to 19-inch wheels.

Introduction
The Jaguar S-Type has a fairly significant place in automotive history, signifying the first real fruit of the Ford-Jaguar partnership and the first step from either brand into the midsize luxury segment. The 2008 Jaguar S-Type represents the ninth and final year of production for this midsize, rear-wheel-drive luxury sedan.

Born as the classier-looking sibling of the Lincoln LS, the S-Type also enjoyed a higher-grade interior and more potent versions of both the V6 and V8 engines.Regardless of the prodigious power at the top of the lineup, the S-Type as a whole has become known more for walking the middle ground between performance and comfort. Its V6 delivers weak performance for this class, and even decked out in R guise, handling is on the soft side. This midsize luxury sedan is also known for an interior that's a mix of virtues and vices: high comfort in front but skimpy space in back, and old-world British ambience with unfortunate splashes of Ford-grade controls and materials.

Powertrains and Performance
The base Jaguar S-Type 3.0 uses a Jaguar-enriched version of Ford's Duratec 3.0-liter V6. Its 235-horsepower rating is the most this engine has ever made, though keep in mind that it has less torque (216 pound-feet) than the competition's bigger V6s. The engine in the S-Type V8 displaces 4.2 liters and cranks out 300 hp and 310 lb-ft of torque, while the supercharger and variable valve timing on the R boosts that all the way up to 400 hp and 413 lb-ft of torque. If those numbers still sound petty compared to the BMW M5's 500 hp and the Mercedes E63's 507, so should its $65K price compared to their $82K and $87K. Ever since the V6 lost its short-lived stick shift of 2003-'04, a six-speed automatic transmission has transmitted power to the rear wheels on all models.

2008 Mercury Mariner Review

What's New for 2008
The 2008 Mercury Mariner gets a makeover inside and out. A more aggressive attitude marks the exterior design, and the cabin is more attractive and functional. The chassis and powertrain are virtually unchanged, however, meaning this "redesigned" Mariner has the same running gear as before.

Introduction
Something of an anomaly in the marketplace, the compact but upscale Mercury Mariner SUV gets a not-so extreme makeover for 2008. The Mariner debuted three years ago as a more luxurious version of Ford's Escape. And like its relative, the Mariner's "top-half" revamping for this year means new sheet metal and a revised interior but no significant revisions to the chassis or running gear.

The changes in the looks department include a bolder grille, taller beltline and higher hood, all of which give this junior sport-ute a more aggressive curbside presence. Inside, the changes are more functional, including such touches as a multifunction display at the top center of the dash and cool blue instrument lighting. To promote a quieter cabin, the new Mariner features an acoustic laminate within the windshield, a redesigned roof panel and thicker carpeting.

Unfortunately, these changes might not be enough to keep the 2008 Mercury Mariner competitive in the small-SUV class. In past years, we praised the Mariner for its relatively roomy (for four) cabin, sporty driving dynamics and peppy performance, but new and more modern competitors now surpass it in many areas.

A more serious disappointment concerns the Mariner's braking. For some reason, all 2008 Mariners except the V6 AWD version have reverted to rear drum brakes (they formerly had discs all around) and braking performance suffers. In our testing of a similar Escape with rear drums, the best stop from 60 mph took 154 feet — about 25 feet longer than average.

Powertrains and Performance
All versions of the Mercury Mariner can be had with either front- or all-wheel drive. A 2.3-liter inline-4 rated for 153 hp and 152 pound-feet of torque powers the base Mariner. The base V6 and Premier models come with a 3.0-liter V6 good for 200 hp and 193 lb-ft of torque. Both engines come with a four-speed automatic transmission. Properly equipped, the V6 Mariner can tow up to 3,500 pounds.

2008 Toyota Camry Solara Review

What's New for 2008
The 2008 Toyota Camry Solara coupe and convertible are unchanged.

Introduction
Usually, the two-door variants within a model line are flashier and sportier than their four-door counterparts. This was true of the Toyota Camry Solara coupe and convertible right after they were redesigned back in 2004. Since then, though, they've been upstaged by the Camry sedan, which grew more powerful in last year's overhaul. The injustice continues into 2008, as the Solara siblings stand pat while winds of change swirl around them. Rival import-brand manufacturers have launched better-performing, edgier-looking coupes, and relatively affordable hardtop convertibles are crowding into soft-top Solara price territory.

The Solara's diminishing appeal is due at least in part to its exterior styling, which although curvy and sophisticated, has never come across as trendy or youthful. This is particularly true when you look at the car from the back, as the rear deck appears to droop on both the coupe and the convertible. Another issue is the car's lack of verve once you're behind the wheel. The Solara coupe is fairly quick when equipped with the V6, but in the heavier convertible the engine's modest low-end torque and the transmission's slow responses noticeably detract from performance. And although handling is stable and predictable, the Camry Solara is not the sort of car you'll revel in driving briskly, given its soft suspension and minimal steering feedback.

Powertrains and Performance
The standard engine for the Toyota Camry Solara coupe is a 2.4-liter four-cylinder rated at 157 horsepower and 158 pound-feet of torque. It can be paired with a five-speed manual or five-speed automatic transmission, either of which drives the front wheels. Optional on Solara coupes and standard on convertibles is a 3.3-liter V6 rated for 210 hp and 220 lb-ft of torque. A five-speed automatic is standard with the V6. The EPA rates four-cylinder coupes at 21-22 mpg in the city and 31 mpg on the highway. Upgrade to the V6 and you're looking at an 18/27 rating in the coupe and 18/26 in the convertible.

2008 Chrysler 300 Review

What's New for 2008
Significant changes are in store for the 2008 Chrysler 300. An updated interior includes new soft-touch surfaces, revised instrument panel and console designs, and available LED accent lighting. New luxury-oriented options include adaptive cruise control, a surround-sound audio system, a dedicated iPod interface, Sirius Backseat TV for the rear entertainment system and a new hard-drive based MyGIG multimedia system with optional navigation.

Safety has been enhanced with new front seat-mounted side airbags added to the 300's available side curtain airbag system. Wrapping everything up is freshened front and rear exterior styling and Chrysler's new limited lifetime powertrain warranty.

Introduction
Mold-breaking cars don't come along very often. But that's exactly what happened when the Chrysler 300 debuted four years ago. Previous to the 300, modern full-size cars provided plenty of interior room and comfort but typically generated all the pizzazz and excitement of an ice cream social in a Florida retirement community. With the 300, Chrysler proved that this type of car could actually be fun and desirable. Shoppers loved its artful, edgy styling, rear-drive layout and powerful V8 engine options, and it was an immediate hit.

Powertrains and Performance
The base rear-wheel-drive 300 LX comes with a 2.7-liter V6 good for 178 horsepower and 190 pound-feet of torque. Touring and Limited models upgrade to a 3.5-liter V6 capable of 250 hp and 250 lb-ft of torque. These two models are available with your choice of either rear- or all-wheel drive, as is the more muscular 300C with its 5.7-liter Hemi V8 that generates 340 hp and 390 lb-ft of torque.

2008 Maserati GranTurismo Review

What We Know
The 2008 Maserati GranTurismo, a two-door coupe to complement the Quattroporte sedan, is yet another Italian beauty, this one penned by Pininfarina's Jason Castriota.

Successor to Maserati's Guigiaro-designed coupe and spyder, the upcoming GT is built on a shortened version of the Quattroporte's chassis. The GranTurismo is powered by a 405-horsepower version of the same Ferrari-sourced 4.2-liter V8 found across the Maserati range. In a nod toward the crucially important American market, where Maserati hopes to achieve significant sales gains with the GT, power is sent to the rear wheels through the ZF-built six-speed automatic transmission that just became available in the Quattroporte. With a platform converted from the rear-transaxle configuration necessary for the automated manual gearbox to the front-mounted automatic transmission, the GranTurismo should provide enough rear-seat space to make it something more than a cramped 2+2. Nevertheless, we expect a weight distribution of 49 percent front/51 percent rear, which should ensure excellent maneuverability. Meanwhile the GranTurismo's suspension will be similar in configuration to the Quattroporte's double-wishbone setup, but it'll be supplemented by Maserati's Skyhook active damping system. Throughout the rest of the car, extensive use of carbon composites and aluminum should provide the GT with an exhilarating power-to-weight ratio. Maserati hopes the GT will help alter the misperception that its cars are prohibitively expensive. Prices should begin somewhere around $110,000, putting the GT Coupe in good position to steal business from Porsche's 911 and the Mercedes-Benz SL. A hardtop convertible version of the GT, powered by a larger-bore version of the 4.2 and delivering around 470 hp, should arrive later in the year, and a Competizione model is sure to follow.
What Edmunds.com says
A gorgeous coupe with a Ferrari engine and a reasonable price. What more do you need?

World Debut of Audi Metroproject quattro, Not So Big in Japan

Show-goers size up new Audi sub-compact hatchback design study in Tokyo.

Highlights:
• Latest in a long line of Audi design studies, many of which have entered series production virtually unchanged
• 3,910mm in length (A3 3dr 4,214mm), 1,750mm width (A3 1,765mm), 1,400mm high (A3 1,420mm)

Audi Metroproject quattro

• Combines new, more powerful 150PS version of 1.4 TFSI petrol engine with 30kW / 41PS electric motor driving rear wheels which reduces fuel consumption and emissions by around 15 per cent
• Capacity of lithium-ion batteries makes a range of up to 62 miles possible without petrol engine intervention. Batteries rechargeable via mains socket
• With engine and electric motor operating simultaneously a torque maximum of 440Nm (petrol engine 240Nm, electric motor 200Nm) is made available. 0-62mph in 7.8 seconds, 124mph top speed, 57.6mpg, 112g/km CO2
• Interior features innovative Audi mobile hand-held device offering mobile telephony, MP3 and video playback and GPS navigation Driver can also input sat-nav destinations and control in-car functions such as heating before leaving home

Audi pays homage to Japan’s flair for miniaturisation this week with its new sub-compact metroproject quattro design study, which makes its debut on Press Day at the Tokyo Motor Show (October 24 – November 11, 2007). Condensing the premium quality, innovation and design progressiveness for which the Audi range is renowned into less than 4 metres of road space, the metroproject quattro could provide clues to the look and packaging of a future Audi sub-compact production car.

Power for the Vorsprung durch Technik study is provided by a modified version of the 1.4-litre Turbo FSI petrol engine recently adopted by the A3, combined with a lithium-ion battery-powered electric motor mounted behind the rear seats which reduces fuel consumption and emissions by around 15 per cent. The petrol engine’s increased 150PS output, up from 125PS in the A3, is delivered at 5,500rpm, and its 40Nm higher torque output of 240Nm peaks from just 1,600rpm. The electric motor adds 41PS and an extra 200Nm of torque, and when engine and motor work in unison the metroproject quattro is able to accelerate from rest to 62mph in 7.8 seconds.

Delivered via the widely acclaimed S tronic dual-clutch transmission, the impressive performance can, in the right conditions, culminate in a top speed of 124mph. With slightly more judicious accelerator control, a combined economy figure of 57.6mpg is possible, coupled with modest C02 output of 112g/km.

The metroproject quattro is able to derive its power solely from its petrol engine, purely from its electric motor or through a combination of the two, their interplay controlled by the highly intelligent on-board management system.

Audi Metroproject quattro

Clean running using battery power.
If the driver opts for electric operation alone - a particular advantage for urban driving and shorter distances – the metroproject quattro is able to cover up to 62 miles at speeds of up to 62mph, silently and completely cleanly, before its lithium-ion batteries need to be ‘refuelled’ by a power socket. Energy released during braking is transformed back into electrical energy rather than being released as heat and wasted, helping to conserve resources even more effectively.

While only the petrol engine is running, the metroproject quattro sends drive through its front wheels, and while powered by the electric motor on the back axle alone it is effectively rear-wheel-driven. When the two operate simultaneously, the compact Audi is able to offer all the advantages in composure and control that four-wheel-drive brings.

More enthusiastic driving, which would call the two power sources into play simultaneously, is enhanced by a sophisticated McPherson strut front and four-link rear suspension configuration, electromechanical speed-sensitive power steering with a low energy draw and Audi magnetic ride adaptive damping technology which has won plenty of praise already in the TT and R8 sports cars.

The Audi drive select system introduced recently in the all new A4 Saloon, which enables the driver to fine-tune suspension, steering and transmission characteristics to suit his or her preferences, also helps to bring out the very best in the driving experience.

The metroproject quattro’s transverse ‘east-west’ engine installation, short overhangs and similarity in height to the larger A3 hatchback mean that its interior belies its compact exterior dimensions. Its four individual seats offer impressive leg and head room, and the discreetly illuminated electric motor incorporated within the floor of the load compartment, and visible when the tailgate is opened, still permits the provision of 240 litres of luggage space.

Remote control for virtually every in-car feature.
The highlight of the typically meticulously finished cabin is the new, removable hand-held Audi mobile device, which not only offers mobile telephony, GPS navigation and audio and video playback, but also serves as the control unit for numerous vehicle systems which can be set and adjusted from outside the car. The driver can, for example, enter destinations into the satellite navigation unit, program the audio system or switch on the heating from the comfort of an armchair at home before setting off.

Using the same operating principle as the Multi Media Interface (MMI) infotainment control system that is highly regarded in today’s production Audi models, the Audi mobile device not only brings optimum user friendliness, but also maximum space efficiency by integrating several communications devices that were previously only available separately into a single unit. The handheld, touch screen system, which is able to recognise both Latin and Japanese characters and even decipher handwriting, communicates with the car by way of a WLAN connection.

Source: Audi

2008 Nissan GT-R

New Dimensional Multi- Performance Supercar Available in Early December

TOKYO (Oct. 24, 2007) - Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., today announced the launch of the Nissan GT-R, a new multi-dimensional performance machine that lives up to the concept of "an ultimate supercar for anyone, anywhere, at anytime". The Nissan GT-R features a newly developed Premium Midship package, including the world's first independent transaxle 4WD developed independently by Nissan.

2008 Nissan GT-R

The Nissan GT-R will be available in Japan mainly through Nissan High Performance Centers nationwide from December 6th.

The 2008 Nissan GT-R was developed with a new understanding and appreciation of the Earth's natural forces - gravity, inertial force and aerodynamics - and translates those forces into a completely new design, maximizing tire grip and airflow.

Basic vehicle dynamics and integration with the driver have also been examined, resulting in new componentry and creating a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) never seen before in the marketplace. All of these theories have been integrated to balance "speed and efficiency," "high-output with environmental consideration" and "high performance and safety."

Taking these factors into account, Nissan created the all-new Nissan GT-R, which offers advanced high performance for secure and enjoyable driving by minimizing the effects of climatic, road condition or driving technique limitations. The Nissan GT-R offers ultimate performance for virtually every driving situation - whether it be the Nurburgring circuit, to snow, rain or urban areas - all manageable by the GT-R driver through advanced technology and driving dynamics.

The Nissan GT-R's unique characteristics are instilled not just in the vehicle's design, but also through a specialized production process. Carbon fiber, aluminum and steel components are assembled with a special high-precision process, which includes a series of vibration tests. Engines and transmissions are assembled by a single craftsman in a "clean room" environment and upon completion, every GT-R undergoes a battery of comprehensive tests to ensure the proper operation of all vehicle components.

To properly support the all-new GT-R, Nissan has established special Nissan High Performance Centers, where all certified advisors and technicians have received extensive training. Total support for the GT-R owner is offered for the first three years of ownership, including measurement and adjustment of the engine, transmission and wheel alignment after the first 1000 km, and again every 12 months, free of charge.

Packaging and Driveline Suited for a Supercar
The all-new Nissan GT-R uses a Premium Midship package, an all-new, more advanced version Front Midship (FM) package utilized on other Nissan vehicles. This new package enables the use of the world's first application of an independent transaxle 4WD system. The transaxle's layout places the dual-clutch transmission, transfer case and final drive at the rear of the vehicle (instead of the usual front location), which enables vehicle weight to be evenly distributed throughout the car. This gives the Nissan GT-R a superb front-to-rear weight balance, while enhancing leg and foot space and allowing for an optimal pedal layout.

Under the hood, the Nissan GT-R features an all-new 3.8-litre twin turbo V6 "VR38" engine, featuring plasma-sprayed bores and a special twin-turbo exhaust manifold system. A secondary air management system enables the newly designed powerplant to provide approximately 40kg/m of torque during ordinary low-rev driving, which gives an optimum air-fuel ratio for around-town efficiency and helps the Nissan GT-R meet ultra-low emission vehicle (U-LEV) standards in Japan.

The Nissan GT-R's new engine produces 480PS (353kW) at 6400rpm and maximum torque of 60kgm (588Nm) from 3200 to 5200rpm. Putting the power to the ground is an all-new GR6-type dual clutch transmission, with paddle shifting and a Borg Warner six-plate dual clutch for direct control.

Suspension duties are handled through a special Bilstein DampTronic*1 system, which utilizes all pertinent vehicle information to provide appropriate damping forces for all situations and helps maintain a high level of control for straight-line driving, cornering, and braking.

Braking is essential for a daily-driven supercar and the GT-R features large Brembo full-floating drilled rotors, low steel high stiffness brake pads and Brembo mono block six-piston front and four-piston rear calipers, which in combination minimize fade and provide stable braking. Run-flat tires, exclusively designed for use on the Nissan GT-R, balance high grip and all-weather capabilities and a comfortable ride in all driving situations. The tires are designed to maintain structure for 80km of travel at 80 km/h, while still providing an acceptable level of performance.

High-Performance Safety and Environmental Technologies
The Nissan GT-R offers a long list of safety and environmental features, including, for enhanced visibility inside and out of the vehicle, high-mounted LED stoplamps, bright LED rear combination taillights, "super wide beam" headlights, heated door mirrors and flat-blade wipers.

Standard safety equipment includes a pop-up engine hood system for enhanced pedestrian safety, driver and front passenger SRS Air Bag System, ELR front seat belts with tension reducer, front seat belts with load limiter, and three-point ELR rear seat belts. Driver and front passenger SRS Side Air Bag System and SRS Curtain Air Bag System are offered as options.

Environmental technologies include extensive work to create an U-LEV certification in Japan for the 3.8-liter twin turbo engine and reduced levels of volatile organic compound for materials used in the car.

Functional Design - High Performance Aerodynamics and Style
The Nissan GT-R's styling follows the function over form theory. Every styling aspect, from the overall design to the smallest details, is created to maximize the vehicle's driving experience - as well as suggesting GT-R's "supercar" level of performance. Utilizing advanced aerodynamics, the Nissan GT-R's aggressive styling evokes the lines of a well-trained athlete, combining strong character lines with smooth and solid areas.

The all-new GT-R's body is created with a combination of steel, carbon fiber and aluminum, providing a unique combination of stiffness and lightness. The Nissan GT-R features a low coefficient of drag of 0.27, with high front and rear downforce, which provides the GT-R with enhanced grip in all weather situations, while also enhancing fuel efficiency.

The front fenders express power and stability, while the "aero-blades" on the fenders' leading edges provide optimum airflow around the tires and along the body. The scoop in the fenders' trailing edges assists in providing front downforce and optimization of side airflow. The aggressive front end, with a large hood budge and single air intake, provides a sophisticated style as well as undisturbed airflow for power and cooling. New "super wide beam" headlights feature three additional sub-reflectors (compared to conventional lights) to give a wider spread to the illumination area.

The Nissan GT-R's large, four-passenger cabin features a sloping "aero blade canopy" roofline and curved C-pillar "sword edge," which expresses the distinctive GT-R identity, as well as facilitating air flow around the rear of the vehicle. The GT-R's hallmark four-ring taillights, efficient rear spoiler and large, integrated φ120 exhaust tips, provides the signature rear view of the GT-R, as well as optimizing airflow along the top and under the vehicle.

The high level of advanced technology is evident even in the Nissan GT-R's paint - which utilizes a "double clear coat" and "anti-chipping" process. The Nissan GT-R features Ultimate Silver as a special new color, which is painstakingly hand-polished by craftsman.

An Interior Suitable for Daily Driving or Supercar Duties
Key to the Nissan GT-R's usability as a both daily driver and a high-performance supercar is its interior, which is designed to balance functionality, a sense of ease, and comfort.

Sculpted performance bucket seats give the driver and passenger a comfortable driving experience, and soft pads are utilized on the dash in front of the passenger and doors to give an extra level of comfort and safety.

The instrument panel surrounds the driver, with all meters and multi-function meter at a uniform height to minimize the driver's head movement when traveling at high speeds. A large center-mounted tachometer, with gear display on its upper right, as well as the easy-to-read graphics of the display, gives the driver instant detailed information, essential for the performance nature of the GT-R.

Functional style is also evident in the Nissan GT-R - each meter features a dial plate design that evokes the idea of engaged gears, as well as a three-dimensional metal-like ring, suggesting the multi-dimensional performance of the GT-R. A large, metallic-framed center console features the ergonomically designed shift lever and a red "engine start" button.

Adjustability is central to the daily-driver nature of the Nissan GT-R, with a special "set-up switch" located in the center of the instrument panel. This switch enables the driver to adjust transmission shifts, shock absorbers and the Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC-R) in three settings - Normal, Comfort or R, the high-performance setting designed for the Nissan GT-R "supercar" application.

A high-speed, high-capacity CARWINGS (Japan market) navigation system, with a powerful 30GB hard disk drive, features an easy-to-use touch pad, as well as traditional navigation switches. The screen interface features not only the navigation system, but also an enriched entertainment system with a Music Box hard drive, DVD and CD player, and Bluetooth® *2 audio function.

For special use in the GT-R application, the multi-function meter also includes mechanical and driving information for safe high performance driving, including acceleration opening, brake pedal pressure, and steering angle. It also includes an "optimal gearshift map," to emphasize economical vehicle operation.

A specially designed BOSE sound system includes two forward-facing woofers in the rear center armrest area combined with traditional door speakers. All speakers are mounted in rigid aluminum die cast panels, which combined with the design of the system itself, provide sound quality suitable for a supercar.

*1: Bilstein DampTronic is the registered trademark of ThyssenKrupp Bilstein Suspension GmbH
*2: Bluetooth® and the Bluetooth logo are trademarks of Bluetooth SIG Inc. of the U.S.

The Fiat 500 Wins the Prestigious “EuroCarBody 2007” Award

The new FIAT 500 has won the EuroCarBody 2007 award, the world’s most prestigious prize for car bodies. The ninth edition of the Forum organised by Automotive Circle International was held in Bad Nauheim/Frankfurt from October 16 to 18, attended by about 600 experts in the development of the design, materials, processes and manufacture of car bodies.

2007 Fiat 500

The 600 specialists, from 15 international carmakers, gave the award to the Fiat 500, assigning it 38.33 points out of a possible 50. This enabled the “small” Fiat – the only segment A model present – to defeat the other 11 candidates from Japan, the United States, Europe and Russia.

The experts particularly appreciated the contribution made by the innovative bodyshell to the car’s NCAP 5-star rating (with a total score of 35 points), and class 11 “Insurer Impact” assessment: this is a record that puts the Fiat 500 at the top of its class in the safety field, and is even more extraordinary if we remember that it has been achieved by a car that is only 3.5 metres long.

The Fiat 500 is a car designed to reach the highest quality and safety standards, as the EuroCarBody 2007 award underlines; it is an important award that highlights the mixture of “creativity and skill” that is necessary to develop an innovative, winning bodyshell. Nor must we forget that the final competition is part of a vaster programme, that sees Automotive Circle International organising numerous congresses every year for the exchange of information and experience in the field of automotive manufacturing processes.

All international carmakers can compete, with a maximum of two cars per brand. The indispensable requirement is that they must be standard production cars, manufactured within 12 months of the official launch. For the final voting, the bodyshells must be displayed so that they can be analysed during presentations and in depth debate, and judged on the basis of 23 evaluation criteria grouped in 5 macro areas: development and application of innovative materials; innovative solutions for development and design; innovative concepts applied to the industrial manufacturing process; values that are significant for the customer, such as safety, ergonomics, acoustic comfort and quality, and, finally, the comprehensiveness and quality of the presentation of the required technical/technological content.

2008 Lexus IS F Sport Sedan

The 2008 Lexus IS F high-performance sedan is the first production model to wear the brand's new "F" marque. Based on the robust IS sport sedan platform, the 2008 IS F will deliver 416 horsepower from a specially engineered 5.0-liter V8 engine and will accelerate from zero-to-60 mph in 4.6 seconds when it arrives at Lexus dealerships in early 2008.

2008 Lexus IS F Sport Sedan

In addition to the exclusive V8, the 2008 IS F's performance credentials include racetrack-developed suspension and braking, and a specially calibrated version of the advanced Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system. Much of the IS F development took place at racetracks around the world including Germany's legendary Nurburgring Nordschleife, Circuit Paul Ricard in France, Japan's Fuji Speedway and the Higashi-Fuji Technical Center in Japan. In fact, Fuji Speedway is the IS F's home circuit, and the shape of turn one was the inspiration for the F-logo design.

The 2008 Lexus IS F will make an unmistakable design statement as it launches the brand's F performance marque. The IS F applies a distinctive new high-performance layer on the brand's L-finesse design language, with themes and design features that set the F model noticeably apart from standard Lexus models. Likewise, the interior will feature exclusive performance-influenced luxury appointments befitting the brand.

The "F" originates from the "Circle-F" internal code for what became the Lexus Division nearly 20 years ago. Since then, the "F" code has signified special Lexus vehicle programs that fall outside the normal engineering and development process.

"With Lexus solidly established as a luxury leader, it was time to expand the brand's scope by offering unique high-performance models, and the IS F is the first," said Dave Nordstrom, Lexus vice president of marketing. "Lexus did not design the IS F as a direct competitor to any specific models, but as a true performance sedan in a distinctly Lexus way. The IS F is totally authentic with a unique interpretation of driving excitement at all speeds and provides a new definition of ‘usable power.'"

The Look of Performance
Based on the IS luxury sport sedan, the IS F is clearly differentiated when viewed from the front, rear or in profile. A trapezoid-shaped front bumper fascia, a theme that is repeated at the rear, sets off the V-shape grille. The hood has a raised center section to make room for the V8 powerplant, and the front fenders were widened to envelop the 19-inch low-profile tires.

Both upper and lower grilles use a special wire-mesh pattern, and total grille area is increased to ensure adequate cooling for the 5.0-liter V8. The lower grille is flanked by large brake cooling ducts adjacent to standard fog lamps. Standard bi-xenon HID headlights include the Lexus Adaptive Front lighting System (AFS), which helps to illuminate curves at night.

The IS F's wedge-like profile is accentuated by functional front fender air outlets with lower edges that transition into larger rocker panels and continue as a character line into the rear bumper. The front fenders wear a discrete silver, black and blue "F" marque.

The rear view conveys a strong parting signature for the IS F, with a dramatic trapezoid shape and easily recognizable design elements. Four exhaust diffusers, two per side in a vertical arrangement, are integrated into the rear bumper. Above them, light-emitting diode (LED) stop and tail lamps behind clear lenses give the IS F a unique nighttime appearance. Attention to design detail extends down to the white LED license plate lamps. The subtle rear spoiler is one of many aerodynamic enhancements, which also include special underbody panels to optimize airflow.

Contributing to both design and performance, 19-inch forged-alloy wheels produced by BBS® feature a distinct dark-gray finish and an asymmetrical 10-spoke design.

IS F Engine, from the Bottom Up
The 2008 Lexus IS F is exclusively powered by a performance-tuned 5.0-liter V8 engine producing 416 horsepower at 6,600 rpm and 371 lb.-ft. of peak torque at 5,200 rpm. Although based on the 4.6-liter V8 used in the Lexus LS and GS, the V8 in the IS F was specially engineered for higher power output, high-performance driving and durability. This new engine's high specific output (83.2 hp/liter) and high operating range (6,800 RPM redline) reflect the thorough attention to detail underlying the core engineering.

The IS F V8 introduces new technology and features that are exclusive to this version of the engine. Some of these include a dual air intake system, engine-oil and transmission-fluid coolers for high-speed performance and a cylinder-head scavenge oil pump. The scavenge pump forces oil from the cylinder heads back to the oil pan, ensuring a reliable oil supply even during cornering that exceeds one g.

The IS F 5.0-liter V8 is based on a die cast aluminum cylinder block with steel liners. Ribs positioned on the block's outer wall provide high rigidity. The crankshaft is forged, with high-frequency hardening to the fillet area, and uses a double torsional damper. Crankshaft journals are polished to a mirror finish to minimize the friction generated between the connecting rods and the crankshaft, and forged sintered iron alloy connecting rods ensure high-rpm durability.

Pistons use two-piece oil rings for low friction, and the skirt area is resin-coated to reduce noise and vibration. The timing-sensor rotor is attached at the rear of the crankshaft, which experiences less vibration than the front.

Innovative Breathing
High-flow cylinder heads designed by Yamaha have a lightweight valvetrain, contributing to the IS F V8's high-rpm capability. The horsepower peak arrives at 6,600 rpm (just 200 rpm before redline), and the torque peak at 5,200 rpm. The resulting performance character, while quite responsive in low-speed situations, provides a rush of power at higher engine speeds. Carefully chosen ratios for the 8-Speed Sport Direct Shift transmission help ensure responsiveness at all vehicle speeds.

The IS F V8 engine employs innovative new technologies to maximize efficiency and reduce emissions, including the SFI D-4 (direct-to-cylinder injection system with secondary port injectors) fuel injection and the Electronic Throttle Control System with intelligence (ETCS-i). Essentially, SFI D-4 integrates two types of fuel injection: A direct-type high-pressure fuel injection system, which provides a cooling effect in the cylinders and enables the high compression ratio (11.8:1) employed to extract maximum energy from the fuel; and a set of low-pressure port fuel injectors that help produce a precise burn to optimize power and efficiency under light- and medium-load conditions.

A dual air-intake system uses a primary intake passage for low and medium engine speeds. In the higher engine speed range (above 3,600 rpm), both the primary and secondary passages are opened, helping boost high-rpm power. Both intake passages share a common high-efficiency, low-restriction air filter.

Lexus optimized the intake system down to the smallest details. For example, the throttle valve shaft has been tapered down from 10 mm to 7 mm diameter in the center to expand the intake air passage. The intake manifold uses a simple plenum design with equal-length runners.

High-Precision, High-RPM Valve Control
With a strong bottom end to help ensure durability, the top end of the IS F V8 could be engineered for high-rpm capability. The aluminum cylinder heads made for the IS F by Yamaha feature integrated cam journals. The four composite camshafts use net-sinter forged cam lobes on hollow shafts, with the inside of the shafts serving as oil passages.

Titanium intake valves operated by roller rocker arms with needle bearings and fixed fulcrums contribute to a low-inertia valve train. High-flow intake ports were specially designed for the IS F engine, with a cross-section area optimized to improve intake-pulsation efficiency and increase air-intake volume.

With the IS F 5.0-liter V8, Lexus has made a leap in valve-control technology with the new Variable Valve Timing with intelligence and Electrically controlled intake cam (VVT-iE). The exhaust camshaft uses hydraulically controlled variable valve timing.

Variable valve timing systems typically use engine oil pressure to operate cam-phasing mechanisms. In the IS F, using an electric drive motor to alter the intake camshaft phasing made it possible to expand VVT operational range to lower engine speeds, where engine oil pressure is usually not high enough to operate conventional VVT. An electric motor, with electronic control unit and a reducer, is mounted to the front of each intake camshaft.

Dual single-row independent primary timing chains drive the intake camshafts, which drive the exhaust camshafts via smaller secondary chains. Reinforcement ribs inside the timing-chain cover reduce timing chain noise, and integrating the water pump, oil pump and scavenge oil pump into the timing chain cover reduces weight.

The IS F V8's compact pent-roof combustion chamber positions the long-reach sparkplug nearly in the center. The plugs use an iridium-tipped center electrode and a platinum-tipped side electrode. A water jacket between the exhaust port and plug thread ensures optimal cooling around the plugs. Four knock sensors in the engine's valley reduce the possibility of detonation.

Supporting Systems
A true high-performance engine relies on outstanding support systems and thoughtful engineering that touches every detail. The Lexus IS F's unique stacked quad diffusers, for example, make more than a visual statement. They play an important role in a high-performance exhaust system by reducing backpressure. The stainless steel exhaust system starts with tubular exhaust manifolds and integrated catalysts. Next come dual 2.4-inch diameter front pipes that are joined before a pre-muffler and 2.7-inch single center pipe, after which the system splits into two 2.1-inch pipes and enters dual 16.8-liter mufflers.

A number of additional engineering details were integrated into the IS F to improve performance and efficiency. A cooling-fan motor was installed that is 30 percent lighter than conventional fan motors, and the fan shape was modified to enhance cooling and control noise. Front engine mounts have liquid-filled insulators, and the rear mounts are covered by rubber heat insulators. Inside the fuel tank, an offset high-output fuel pump and a sub-tank help prevent fuel starvation during cornering maneuvers. The alternator uses a larger front bearing, a cooling fan and die-cast aluminum cooling fins for the rectifier. The planetary-gear starter uses the crank-hold feature.

8-Speed Sport Direct Shift Transmission
The IS F 5.0-liter V8 engine is mated to the world's first eight-Speed Sport Direct-Shift automatic transmission. This new transmission blends the performance characteristics of an automated manual-type transmission with the smoothness and refinement of a planetary-type automatic transmission. As a result, the driver can choose between ultra-quick manual shifts for performance driving, and smooth automatic shifts when convenience is the top priority. The driver can shift manually using either the console shift or steering-wheel-mounted paddle shifters.

The eight-speed transmission is approximately the same length and width as the six-speed transmission used in other rear-wheel drive Lexus models. The transmission has a die-cast aluminum case and some aluminum internal parts, which contributes to weight reduction. Using eight speeds allows gear ratios that maximize torque up to the tire-grip limitations in the lower ranges while optimizing efficiency.

Driving enthusiasts will appreciate the transmission's Manual mode (M), which will hold each gear to the 6,800-RPM redline. A pair of unique paddles located within a fingertip's reach behind the steering wheel enables the driver to make ultra-fast up-shift gear changes. Paddle-shifting operation is allowed in either D or M modes, but shifts are quicker and more direct in M mode. At higher engine speeds, downshifts are accompanied by automated and precise throttle blips to match engine rpm to vehicle speed.

In addition, a Sport mode switch on the dashboard allows the driver to select from among Normal, Sport and Snow driving modes. In Sport mode, the VDIM system allows higher dynamic thresholds before intervening, alters steering assist to increase steering weight, and throttle response is sharpened. With the transmission in D mode, gears are held longer in response to throttle input.

Versatile Drive Mode
When the driver selects Drive mode (D) using the console shifter, the eight-speed transmission provides quick shifts that are smooth and befitting a Lexus. At the same time, D mode offers plenty of versatility with full torque-converter lockup in 6th through 8th gears to optimize fuel efficiency. A flex-lockup clutch operates in 4th and 5th gears, continuously controlling lockup-clutch slippage to enhance fuel efficiency.

Until the engine reaches operating temperature, and when the VDIM system detects slippery road conditions, the transmission will automatically select 2nd gear start. Once the engine reaches operating temperature, or VDIM detects better road conditions, the transmission allows 1st gear start.

From D mode, the driver can select M mode by moving the console shifter into the M slot, or can gain temporary sequential operation by keeping the console shifter in D and operating the steering wheel paddle shifters. The latter is useful for situations where engine braking is desired, such as driving through a hilly area.

Paddle shifting while in D mode, however, is not the same as in M mode. If the vehicle is stopped, or if the vehicle is at a constant speed for a certain period of time, the transmission will change back to normal D operation. In addition, the driver can switch immediately into normal D operation by holding the upshift paddle (+) for one second.

The transmission uses flex-lockup control and deceleration control when decelerating while in D mode, using as many gears as possible and extending the fuel cutout for maximum efficiency. AI-SHIFT (Artificial Intelligence-SHIFT) complements the driver's Sport switch selection by automatically adapting the shifting based on road conditions and driver input. The new transmission is also highly responsive to uphill/downhill driving, always selecting the best gear for power or engine braking. Because the IS F is a Lexus, the intuitive powertrain control optimally smoothes out off-the-line response.

Sporty Manual Mode
Manual mode (M) goes beyond simply allowing manual gear selection by changing the transmission's operational behavior to facilitate performance driving. In M mode, the driver will experience the feel of a manual transmission. Specifically, one will feel immediate g-force during acceleration and deceleration. In addition, the transmission uses downshift blipping control to match engine speed for high-rpm downshifts.

The driver selects M mode using the console shifter, which then allows upshifts by pushing forward (+) and downshifts by pulling rearward (-). With the console shifter in M, the driver can also use the paddle shifters mounted behind the steering wheel.

In 1st gear, the torque converter operates to provide torque multiplication for consistent launches from a standing start. The torque converter is locked continuously in 2nd through 8th gears to provide a direct connection between engine and transmission for the fastest shifts and most direct driving experience.

In M mode, gears will be held until the driver up- or down-shifts. Two exceptions are if vehicle speed falls too low for the selected gear, then the transmission will downshift automatically; and if the transmission fluid or engine coolants exceed limits, then the transmission will revert to automatic operation to prevent damage.

Shifts in 0.1 Second and Downshift Throttle Blipping
New hydraulic-control technology allows the IS F 8-Speed Sport Direct Shift transmission to perform on par with manual transmissions without sacrificing the smoothness of a torque-converter automatic. In M mode, upshifts are executed in just one-tenth of a second, six times faster than manual shifts in the V6-powered IS models.

The transmission-control system uses high-flow linear control valves for engaging and disengaging the clutches. The resulting simultaneous release and engagement of the shifting clutches provides fast shifts while diminishing gearshift shock. The solenoids allow direct control of the hydraulic pressure applied to the shifting clutches, along with centrifugal fluid pressure canceling mechanisms, enabling finer control than conventional clutch-control systems. In addition to a conventional input-shaft speed sensor, the intermediate members of the gear train use a speed sensor to allow finer control of gear changes.

Driving enthusiasts pride themselves on the ability to execute a perfect manual-transmission downshift, which requires "blipping" the throttle while the clutch is disengaged to match the engine speed for the lower gear. The IS F transmission executes perfect downshifts in a similar way but with the consistency most drivers cannot match with a manual transmission.

When a downshift instruction is received, the transmission control system quickly opens the electronic throttle, instantaneously increasing engine speed (blipping) to match the engine speed after the gear change. Simultaneously, the system completes the gear change by smoothly and quickly engaging the shift clutch. The downshift, with throttle blipping, occurs in just 0.2-second.

To enhance performance and durability, a breather system separates air bubbles from the transmission fluid during performance driving. The transmission is also equipped with an air-to-liquid automatic transmission fluid (ATF) cooler to help ensure optimal transmission performance even during track driving. There is a transmission fluid temperature warning-light in the instrument panel.

Sports Car Dynamics
The 2008 IS F is based on the robust IS platform, which was engineered from the start to allow a high dynamic envelope. The stiff body structure and the rear subframe are connected through several reinforcements.

Although using the basic double-wishbone front suspension and multi-link rear suspension configurations of the IS platform, the IS F benefits from a multitude of track-proven modifications. The IS F sits an inch lower on its suspension than the standard IS models, helping to lower the center of gravity for quicker handling response. Like other IS models, the IS F employs high-strength steel suspension components for the optimal combination of rigidity and weight.

Spring and damper rates are increased, and larger-diameter stabilizer bars are used. The rear-suspension control arms are specific to the IS F to optimize geometry for the 19-inch wheels. In addition, the monotube shock absorbers use a larger-diameter piston rod. As on other IS models, the sophisticated shock-absorber design utilizes multi-leaf linear control valves to help improve damping force, and rebound springs offer improved body control without degrading ride comfort.

Suspension bushings have been specially tuned for better feel, and the subframe suspension mounts are stiffer than on other IS models to help reduce sway and ensure control under acceleration and braking. The engine mounts are also stiffer for a more direct feel. Special jounce stoppers added to both the front and rear suspension come into play early in the compression stroke to help reduce the roll angle when cornering and to reduce dive when braking. High-rigidity hub unit bearings are engineered for rigorous, high g-force track driving.

The Electric Power Steering (EPS) system has been remapped for improved steering response and feel while providing precise control and excellent straight-line control. The vehicle-speed-sensitive system eliminates parasitic loss from a hydraulic pump and reduces weight and complexity.

The front wheels measure 19 x 8J, with 225/40R19 tires and 19 x 9J in the rear, with 255/35R19 tires. Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 and Bridgestone Potenza models were each developed specifically for the 170-mph capabilities of the Lexus IS F. Design parameters called for handling grip befitting a premium sports car but with the control and ride quality expected for a Lexus in this class.

The direct-type tire pressure monitoring system allows two sets of tires to be registered, giving the customer the benefit of a system with a set of track tires or winter tires. The multi-information display indicates the tire selector switch.

Performance-Tuned Stability Control
The IS F is equipped with a specially calibrated version of Lexus' innovative Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system to help provide superior handling dynamics and traction control. Combining input from a variety of sensors, VDIM is designed to anticipate the onset of a vehicle skid or slide and help correct the situation with a combination of braking, steering and throttle control in a way that is essentially transparent to the driver. VDIM integration provides precise management for Electric Power Steering (EPS), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), traction control (TRAC), the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Brake Assist (BA), Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD), and engine torque (via the electronically controlled throttle).

VDIM also provides an electronically controlled brake-based limited-slip differential effect on the rear wheels. During cornering, VDIM suppresses any tendency for the inside wheel to spin, transmitting more power to the outside wheel to maintain traction and momentum. Overall, VDIM enhances handling performance by helping to control front and rear wheel slip. When braking on a mixed-friction surface, VDIM will direct steering assist in the direction that will help provide the greatest control.

In the IS F, a Sport mode switch on the dashboard allows the driver to select from among Normal, Sport and Snow driving modes. In Sport mode, VDIM allows higher dynamic thresholds before intervening and alters steering assist to increase steering feel. Sport mode enables optimal vehicle control on a track in areas where the skills of even top-level drivers are challenged.

The experienced driver can disengage VSC/TRAC by press-and-holding the TRAC-off button for more than three seconds. Even with VSC/TRAC disengaged, however, the system still provides the brake-based limited-slip differential effect and ABS.

High-Performance Brakes
The IS F is equipped with heavy-duty Brembo® brakes designed to the specifications of the Lexus engineering team. The 14.2-inch ventilated, drilled front rotors are gripped by rigid, powerful six-piston aluminum calipers, while the 13.6-inch ventilated, drilled rear rotors use two-piston calipers. High-friction brake pads are fitted on both. The brake system gives the driver confidence in extreme usage.

A single 10-inch brake booster with a tie-rod structure was utilized and tuned to improve feeling, effectiveness and firmness. Front bumper ducts adjacent to the fog lamps stream cooling air to the brakes. The brakes are finished with the Lexus name displayed on the calipers, a first for a Lexus production vehicle.

The Security of a Lexus
Passive-safety technology in the IS F begins with a reinforced passenger compartment that helps protect the occupants with front-and-rear crush structures. Seatbelt pre-tensioners and force limiters are used for all seating positions.

In addition to the driver and front-passenger front airbags and front seat-mounted side airbags, the Lexus Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) includes side-curtain airbags that extend from A-pillar to C-pillar and a knee airbag for both the driver and the front passenger. Advanced dual-stage front airbags are designed to deploy based on impact force. The driver's front airbag also includes an extra low stage designed to deploy based, in part, on the seat's position on its track. The front passenger's airbag features twin chambers, creating an indentation in the center impact area that helps provide overall occupant protection.

The available Pre-Collision System (PCS) can help reduce collision damage. The package includes Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, which uses millimeter-wave radar to measure and maintain a set distance from a vehicle traveling ahead. PCS relies on the radar sensor to detect obstacles in front of the car. The PCS computer, taking sensor inputs from vehicle speed, steering angle and yaw rate, is designed to determine whether a collision is unavoidable. In such a situation, PCS preemptively retracts front seat belts and pre-initializes Brake Assist so that increased braking will be applied the instant the driver depresses the pedal.

The rear back-up camera, included with the available navigation system, automatically projects an image of what its lens can detect behind the car onto the navigation screen when the transmission is in reverse gear. The available Intuitive Park Assist (IPA) system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect objects close to the car's front and rear bumpers, alerting the driver and showing distance to objects in the multi-information display within the speedometer. When the IS F is equipped with the navigation system, information on detected objects is shown in greater detail on the seven-inch touch screen display.

Uncompromised Lexus Luxury
Like the exterior, the interior of the IS F features an exclusive design treatment highlighted by aluminized composite trim, aluminum-rimmed main gauges, unique steering-wheel treatment and other special surface treatments. The instrument panel integrates a new oil-temperature gauge, voltmeter and shift-indicator lights, and the "F" logo is discretely showcased on the steering wheel, rear-center console and outer seat cushions. For comfort, UV-reducing, heat-absorbing glass is used throughout the car.

In addition to the usual Lexus standards of comfort and convenience, the IS F interior features specially shaped and trimmed seats that hold the driver comfortably and securely in place. The special leather-trimmed sport seats are available in Black with blue stitching or a unique high-contrast Alpine and Black trim. The standard SmartAccess keyless entry and push-button start allows the driver to keep the access fob in a pocket or purse.

Standard amenities include 10-way power front seats; dual-zone automatic climate control, a pollen filter and smog detector; power moonroof with one-touch open/close and seven open-position settings; power tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel; three-position memory function for front seats, steering wheel and mirrors; all power windows with automatic up/down operation with jam protection; an auto-dimming rear-view mirror with HomeLink® programmable garage door opener, automated rain-sensing wipers and heated auto-dimming outside mirrors with integrated puddle lamps.

The air conditioning system's electrically controlled variable compressor adjusts output to demand rather than simply cycling on and off. The system can independently adjust upper and lower temperatures in response to ambient conditions or sunlight.

A multi-information display located in the speedometer integrates a trip computer that provides outside temperature, driving range, average fuel consumption, average fuel consumption since refueling (per tank), current fuel consumption, average speed and the F logo. The display also includes an oil-maintenance reminder and system warnings.

High-Power, High-Performance Audio
The standard Lexus Premium Audio System features a six-disc, in-dash CD changer, and 13 speakers. Automatic Sound Levelizer (ASL) maintains consistent sound levels at varying extraneous noise levels. A convenient mini-jack in the center console enables connection of an iPod® or other portable music players.

Like all Lexus models, the IS F offers its own version of the Mark Levinson® Premium Surround Sound Audio System, which is specially tuned for IS F. This 14-speaker audio system features discrete 5.1 multi-channel playback with 7.1-channel speaker architecture. Its 10 amplifier channels provide 300 watts total output at less than 0.1 percent total harmonic distortion from 20 to 20,000 Hz (THD all channels driven). The Mark Levinson system plays conventional CDs and DVDs, plus MP3/WMA-formatted CDs. DVD movies can be viewed on the navigation system's color seven-inch touch screen when the parking brake is engaged.

2008 Ford Escape Hybrid

2008 Ford Escape Hybrid SUV Receives a New Look Inside and Out with Performance and Safety Improvements

The Ford Escape Hybrid is still the cleanest and most fuel-efficient SUV in the world, combining the fuel economy and emissions benefits of a full hybrid with the go-anywhere capability, toughness and spaciousness of the Ford Escape – America’s favorite small SUV.

2008 Ford Escape Hybrid

Highlights:
* Outstanding fuel economy. The 2008 Ford Escape Hybrid achieves up to 34 mpg in city driving – an improvement of nearly 14 percent compared to the 2007 model.
* Environmentally Friendly. All-new interior features the industry’s first fabric seating surfaces made from 100 percent recycled material.
* Upscale Appointments. New interior features Ford-first features such as “top of dash” information display, Ice Blue lighting and redesigned radio and climate controls.
* Outstanding performance. Acceleration performance is similar to a V-6, but with a smaller gas engine.
* Innovative technology. Full hybrid system is able to run on gasoline engine, electric battery power or both together.
* Confident ownership. Offers 8-year/100,000-mile warranty on hybrid-related components.

For 2008, The Escape Hybrid combines a fresh new look, inside and out, with infotainment and safety features, a choice of two hybrid-specific upgrade packages and four new exterior colors.

The Escape Hybrid is a “full” hybrid, meaning it automatically switches between pure electric power, pure gasoline engine power or combined operation to maximize efficiency and performance. Its gasoline engine and electric motor work in concert, providing performance similar to that of a V-6 engine. In less demanding situations, the Escape Hybrid can run on its electric motor alone (at speeds up to 25 mph), its gasoline engine alone or the most efficient combination of the two.

Full hybrids achieve their greatest improvement in fuel economy during stop-and-go driving, when the electric motor is most efficient. In fact, the Escape Hybrid provides approximately 80 percent better fuel economy in city driving than the conventional V-6 Escape and can travel more than 500 miles in city driving on a single tank of gasoline.

It is an extremely clean vehicle to operate – an amazing 99.4 percent cleaner, on average than an unregulated vehicle. Escape Hybrid meets strict Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (SULEV II) and Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV) standards.

The Escape Hybrid is as tough as it is clean. For the past few years, taxi companies across the country have been putting Escape Hybrids to work, proving their durability and reliability after hours – even days – of continuous use. Many cabs have logged hundreds of thousands of working miles with no major issues.

Ford backs the Escape Hybrid with a standard 8-year/100,000-mile limited warranty for unique hybrid components, including the battery pack. Escape Hybrid is the first hybrid vehicle to offer towing capability of up to 1,000 pounds when properly equipped.

Escape Hybrid is produced at Ford’s Kansas City Assembly Plant in Claycomo, Mo.

Redesigned Exterior
The Ford Escape Hybrid is completely redesigned inside and out for 2008. Escape Hybrid now makes a more powerful statement, with a bolder, more rugged exterior design that bears a stronger family resemblance to the Ford Explorer and Ford Expedition.

The Escape Hybrid features unique badging that uses the Ford road and leaf insignia, with standard 16-inch wheels and a discreet battery cooling vent in the driver’s side rear quarter window.

For 2008, four new exterior colors are added to the Escape Hybrid lineup. They include Kiwi Green Clearcoat Metallic, Vista Blue Clearcoat Metallic, Black Pearl Slate Clearcoat Metallic and hybrid-exclusive Light Ice Blue Metallic.

Industry-first 100 Percent Recycled Seating Surfaces
The 2008 Escape and Escape Hybrid are believed to be the first U.S. automotive applications of 100 percent recycled fabric seating surfaces. The new fabric, supplied by Interface Fabrics, Inc., is produced from 100 percent post-industrial waste – defined as anything intended for retail use but never makes it to the consumer. This can be anything from plastic intended for pop bottles to un-dyed polyester fibers.

This plastic and polyester is processed, spun into yarn, dyed and woven into seat fabric. Recycling waste otherwise intended for landfills has obvious environmental benefits. Interface Fabrics estimates that Ford’s use of post-industrial recycled materials, rather than virgin fibers, could conserve an estimated 600,000 gallons of water, 1.8 million pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents and more than 7 million kilowatt hours of electricity.

Upscale Interior Appointments, Flexible Storage Space
In addition to the industry’s first recycled seating surfaces, the 2008 Escape Hybrid features a host of interior innovations.

A “top of dash” display positioned at eye level on the dashboard shows ambient temperature, radio functions and climate-control readouts. This simple, efficient design puts much of the vehicle’s information in one place at the top of the dashboard, making it easier to reference when driving.

The Escape Hybrid features a clean, simple center console design with dials and buttons that “poke through” the face of the console. The instrument panel houses audio and climate controls, a standard MP3/iPod jack, and controls for available heated seats and in-dash navigation system.

Escape Hybrid also features Ford’s new, signature Ice Blue interior lighting. The cool blue lighting replaces the traditional green on the instrument cluster, the center console, the redundant controls on the steering wheel, and the door lock and window switches. Ice Blue presents a cool, crisp, easy-on-the-eyes light for night driving and enhances the overall feel of the interior.

Like the traditional Escape, Escape Hybrid offers seating for up to five and includes the same 60/40-split folding rear seat. Efficient packaging of the hybrid technology – locating the battery pack at the rear load floor – means that interior versatility is preserved. Even with a full complement of five passengers, cargo room behind the second row seat is still an ample 27.6 cubic feet.

The maximum cargo space can be expanded to over 65 cubic feet, if desired. The roof rack is capable of holding up to 100 pounds of cargo.

A unique gauge package features an economy indicator with “green zone” that shows when the vehicle is operating on battery power. A separate gauge displays levels of charge and assist for the battery pack. An optional navigation system features an Audiophile stereo system, a unique energy flow diagram that displays hybrid system operation and a fuel economy screen that displays instant and average fuel economy.

Escape Hybrid also offers a 110-volt AC power outlet, perfect for a television, radio, air pump, electric razor or even holiday lights at the campsite.

Powertrain and Chassis
The Escape’s hybrid powertrain system consists of a half-dozen key components engineered to provide a seamless flow of power:

* A unique 2.3-liter 4-cylinder gasoline engine features Atkinson-cycle combustion for improved efficiency and produces 133 horsepower at 6,000 rpm.
* A 70-kWatt (equivalent to 94 horsepower) electric traction motor provides an added boost to the drive wheels when maximum acceleration is desired.
* A generator-motor recharges the batteries, starts the engine and helps regulate how the two propulsion channels blend together in the transaxle.
* A special electronically controlled, continuously variable transmission (eCVT) harnesses internal combustion and electric power sources to drive the front wheels in a FWD Escape or all four wheels with the optional Intelligent 4WD System.
* A 330-volt nickel-metal-hydride battery pack located and sealed at the rear load floor stores electrical energy.
* An electronic vehicle system controller manages charging, drive assist and engine-starting functions. This device shuts the engine down during coasting and at stoplights to save fuel. It also converts the traction motor into a generator during braking to help recharge the batteries.

The combined output of both the gas and electric motors is 155 horsepower, and the powertrain provides 0-60 acceleration performance similar to the conventional Escape with a 200-horsepower V-6 engine.

The generator-motor provides power boosts during heavy load situations, helping Escape Hybrid accelerate briskly to speed. In addition to fuel-free operation, electric motors deliver maximum torque at low rpm, so they are an ideal complement to gasoline engines that generate peak power at higher rpm.

For 2008, Escape Hybrid engineers made revisions to software in the control system to improve transparency, or the transition between gasoline and electric operation. The transition from electric-only to gasoline power to a combination of the two is now even more seamless and virtually imperceptible to the driver. The four-wheel-disc regenerative brakes also have been retuned to provide better feel.

A new Electric Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system allowed Ford engineers to easily tune the amount of steering assist independent of engine and vehicle speed, giving the Escape Hybrid a very easy steering effort at parking lot speeds, while retaining Escape’s hallmark crisp steering feel while driving. Thanks in part to the new EPAS system, Escape Hybrid models achieve a fuel economy improvement of up to 14 percent compared to the previous model.

The optional Intelligent 4WD System, available on all Escape models, is fully computer-controlled and provides maximum traction as driving conditions vary. Its operation is so seamless that most drivers will never notice that it has engaged.

Escape bolsters its safety leadership with a host of standard safety features
The 2008 Escape Hybrid has an entirely revised restraint system that consists of new air bags, safety belts, steering column and a new steering wheel. Standard safety content includes:

* Ford’s Safety Canopy™ side air curtains deploy in certain side-impact collisions, or in the event of an impending rollover, helping to protect front- and second-row outboard occupants. The curtains remain inflated for several seconds after deployment to enhance protection during an extended crash event. The system features “roll-fold” technology that’s designed to slide the air bag between the glass and occupants as it inflates if occupants are improperly seated or resting their heads against a window.
* Seat-mounted side air bags deploy out of the upper portion of the front seats to protect the driver and front seat passenger’s upper and lower torso.
* Occupant friendly door trims with softened armrests, side impact foam bolsters and intrusion door beams to distribute the loading during an impact to the hinge and B pillars.
* Ford’s Personal Safety System®, which includes dual-stage driver and front passenger air bags, safety belt pretensioners, seat weight sensing system for the passenger seat and crash severity sensing.
* Ford’s Belt-Minder® safety belt reminder for driver and front passenger. Escape Hybrid also comes equipped with such standard features as child safety locks on the rear doors, the LATCH child safety restraint system, SecuriLock® passive anti-theft system and Ford’s Tire Pressure Monitoring System.

Major Features and Options
Escape Hybrid includes: 2.4-liter Atkinson Cycle engine; 330V sealed nickel-metal hydride battery; Electronically controlled continuously variable transmission; Permanent Magnet electric motor; Regenerative braking system; Chrome shifter bezel; Dual Electronic Automatic Temperature Control; Front and rear disc brakes; ABS; Hybrid-unique 16-inch wheels; Outside temperature display; Six-way power driver’s seat; Eco-friendly cloth front and rear 60/40 split seats; Electric Power Assisted Steering; Rear window defroster; Solar tinted glass; Power windows; Air conditioning; Auxiliary input jack; Day/night rearview mirrors; Power door locks and windows with one-touch down driver side feature; Two power points; Rear cargo light; Removable rear seat cushions; Tilt steering wheel; Safety Canopy™ side air curtains; Personal Safety System®; Seat-mounted side air bags; Tire Pressure Monitoring System; SecuriLock®; Belt-Minder®; Child safety locks; LATCH; Remote keyless entry.

Options include: Intelligent 4WD System; 320-watt, Audiophile audio system with six-disc in-dash CD changer; Navigation system; SIRIUS® Satellite Radio; 110-volt AC outlet; Power moonroof; Integrated side step bars; Leather-trimmed seats.

The Hybrid Premium Package includes: 110-volt outlet; Cargo area retractable cover; Compass; Electrochromatic mirrors and illuminated visors; Heated, power leather-trimmed bucket seats; Heated mirrors; Leather-trimmed second-row 60/40 split seat; Reverse Sensing System; Roof rack with cross bars.

A Hybrid Moonroof and Satellite Radio Package includes: SIRIUS® Satellite Radio with free 6-month subscription; Power moonroof.

Chrome Appearance Package includes: Chrome grille, roof rails and liftgate garnish.

Milestones
2004 The 2005 Ford Escape Hybrid is the world's first hybrid-electric SUV as well as the first hybrid built in North America
2005 Ford Escape Hybrid is named 2005 North American Truck of the Year